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Proteome comparisons reveal influence of different dietary proteins on the development of rat jejunum

Mengjie LI, Chunbao LI, Shangxin SONG, Xinglian XU, Guanghong ZHOU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 362-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018206

摘要：

This study compared proteome profiles and morphological changes of rat jejunum in response to different dietary proteins. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with casein (control), and isolated beef, pork, fish and chicken proteins for 14 days. Proteome analysis, histological observation and PEPT1 quantification of the jejunum were performed. The results indicated that rats fed with chicken proteins had higher PEPT1 mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05) but lower villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C ratio, P<0.05) than those fed with casein and pork protein. Label-free LC-MS/MS indicated that, as compared to casein, intake of chicken protein can regulate oligopeptide transport mainly by upregulating PEPT1 protein expression and reducing dipeptidyl-peptidase activity related to biological oxidation, and can reduce oligopeptide absorption capacity by regulating Hippo signaling pathway. Although intake of beef and fish proteins had no significant effect on PEPT1 expression, they altered several signaling pathways.

关键词： Hippo signaling pathway meat protein PEPT1 proteome analysis rat jejunum

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Measurement of trimethylamine concentration and evaluation of pig meat natural quality by a spectrophotometric

Mohammod Abdul HAMID,Xi WANG,Xiangdong DING,Chuduan WANG,Xingbo ZHAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 236-241 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014034

摘要： Pig meat off-flavor is attributed to trimethylamine (TMA) concentration, and it is considered as the precursor of the fishy off-flavor problems. In this study, TMA concentrations in pig meat were determined, and the interactions with breed and gender effects were discussed. In addition, the TMA threshold for meat off-flavor and pig meat natural quality was measured in relation to meat storage and movement, and the influential factors including the pig breed and storage time were discussed. The results indicated positive effects on the precursor of the fishy off-flavor and the TMA threshold. Native breeds were found to have lower TMA concentrations than European breeds ( <0.01), and females and castrated males had significantly lower TMA concentration than males ( <0.01), The threshold concentration of TMA when meat was classed as off-flavored was 25 μg·g , and this occurred after 35–38 h of storage. The natural qualities, such as appearance, flavor, color and overall acceptable scores declined significantly after 4 days in storage ( <0.01). It is concluded that pig meat off-flavor, breed and gender were essential factors affecting flavor for meat breeding programs, and storage time is important for pig meat natural quality.

关键词： pig meat trimethylamine (TMA) influential factor

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Thermochemical pretreatment of meat and bone meal and its effect on methane production

Guangxue WU , Zhenhu HU , Mark G. HEALY , Xinmin ZHAN ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 300-306 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0031-6

摘要： Since the solubilization of meat and bone meal (MBM) is a prerequisite in many MBM disposal approaches, enhancement of the solubilization by means of thermochemical pretreatment was investigated in this study at two temperatures (55°C and 131°C) and six sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20g/L). The MBM volatile solid (VS) reduction ratio was up to 66% and 70% at 55°C and 131°C, respectively. At the same temperature, the VS reduction ratio increased with the increase in the dosage of NaOH. The study on the methane (CH) production potential of pretreated MBM shows that the addition of NaOH at 55°C did not cause the inhibition of the succeeding CH production process. However, CH production was inhibited by the addition of NaOH at 131°C. The CH production potential was in the range of 389 to 503mL CH/g VS MBM and 464 to 555mL CH/g VS MBM at 55°C and 131°C, respectively.

关键词： thermochemical pretreatment meat and bone meal solid reduction solid solubilization methane production potential

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A genome-wide association study of five meat quality traits in Yorkshire pigs

Qian DONG,Huiying LIU,Xinyun LI,Wei WEI,Shuhong ZHAO,Jianhua CAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 137-143 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014014

摘要： Meat quality is an important trait in the pig industry. To identify genomic regions and haplotype blocks responsible for meat quality traits in pigs, a genome-wide association study was conducted for five traits including intramuscular fat content, pH at 45 min and 24 h, drip loss within 24 h and water-holding capacity in 231 Yorkshire barrows using illumina porcine 60k SNP chips. The results showed that a total of 344 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were significantly associated with five meat quality traits ( <1×10 ). Moreover, 323 SNPs were within the reported QTL regions, of which 21 were novel. Also, 158 SNPs fell into the proximal region of meat quality related genes. In addition, 25 haplotype blocks based on 116 SNPs were revealed with SNP combination patterns for five traits. Our study added new SNP information for identification of meat quality traits in pigs and will help elucidate the mechanisms of meat quality in pigs.

关键词： Pig GWAS meat quality trait SNP

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我国牛羊肉产业的发展现状、挑战与出路

任继周,李发弟,曹建民,李秉龙,胥刚,唐增

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 67-73 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.014

摘要：

牛羊肉产业在利用农业资源、丰富膳食结构、繁荣农业经济及维护民族稳定等方面具有重要的战略作用。我国牛羊肉产业正从副业生产逐步迈向专业化生产，虽然取得了一些成就，但也面临着供需缺口持续增大、粗饲料资源结构性不合理、牛羊种业发展滞后、外源性竞争加剧等挑战。通过国内外对比分析与趋势判断，笔者提出了推进草畜一体化建设、尽快启动牛羊肉产业关键技术环节的国家重点研发计划、完善育种机制、加强牛羊肉屠宰加工业的发展、加大对西南地区牛羊肉产业的培育力度等战略建议。

关键词：牛羊肉产业草地农业肉类生产肉类消费

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培育肉生产技术发展研究

关欣,周景文,堵国成,陈坚

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第6期页码 178-186 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.018

摘要：

培育肉指不经饲养和屠宰动物、而是通过体外培养动物细胞来生产获得的新型肉制品，被视为最有可能解决传统牲畜生产导致资源消耗、环境污染、公众健康等问题的有效方案之一。本文概括了培育肉生产流程与关键技术，梳理了培育肉技术的国际发展态势，剖析了我国培育肉技术发展态势及行业发展面临的问题，据此提出我国培育肉生产技术的发展建议。研究发现，培育肉生产涉及细胞生物学、组织工程、发酵工程、食品工程等多学科领域的技术融合与综合运用，世界培育肉技术的发展处于起步和上升阶段；尽管行业领先企业已实现技术集成与产业化示范，但培育肉的工业化生产尚未完全实现，诸多关键技术瓶颈亟待突破。研究认为，我国培育肉行业起步较晚，面临研究基础薄弱、技术研发思路单一、产业化进程缓慢等问题，未来应加大对相关基础研发的政策和资金支持，加强跨行业交流并促进校企合作，注重消费者对培育肉的接受度与口味营养需求。

关键词：培育肉肌肉组织动物干细胞扩增定向诱导分化食品化加工

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植物蛋白基仿生肉制品研究进展 Review

孙翠霞, 葛姣, 何君, 甘人友, 方亚鹏

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第5期页码 674-678 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.011

摘要：

蛋白质是人类健康生活必需的营养元素，动物源肉制品是人体补充蛋白质的主要来源。随着全球人口持续增长，人们对蛋白质的需求快速增加，传统畜牧业由于生态环境和动物福利的压力，无法生产足够的肉制品供人类消费。通过一定技术手段制备具有动物肉的纤维结构、质构、颜色、风味、口感、外观的仿生肉制品，充分响应了绿色、环保、健康、可持续发展的理念。本文聚焦植物蛋白基仿生肉制品，重点综述了仿生肉制品的产品配方和制备技术，并基于营养安全角度分析了消费者对仿生肉制品的接受程度。此外，总结了仿生肉制品现阶段发展所面临的主要挑战，并展望了其发展前景。

关键词：仿生肉制品加工工艺营养安全可接受度

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Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction

Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 102-112 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016100

摘要： Plants are frequently affected by pathogen infections. To effectively defend against such infections, two major modes of innate immunity have evolved in plants; pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity. Although the molecular components as well as the corresponding pathways involved in these two processes have been identified, many aspects of the molecular mechanisms of the plant immune system remain elusive. Recently, the rapid development of omics techniques (e.g., genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics) has provided a great opportunity to explore plant–pathogen interactions from a systems perspective and studies on protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between plants and pathogens have been carried out and characterized at the network level. In this review, we introduce experimental and computational identification methods of PPIs, popular PPI network analysis approaches, and existing bioinformatics resources/tools related to PPIs. Then, we focus on reviewing the progress in genome-wide PPI networks related to plant–pathogen interactions, including pathogen-centric PPI networks, plant-centric PPI networks and interspecies PPI networks between plants and pathogens. We anticipate genome-wide PPI network analysis will provide a clearer understanding of plant–pathogen interactions and will offer some new opportunities for crop protection and improvement.

关键词： plant–pathogen interactions systems biology omics plant immunity protein–protein interaction network

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细胞培养肉产业技术发展态势及建议

关欣,周景文,堵国成,陈坚

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 251-262 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.018

摘要：

细胞培养肉是融合先进生物技术、食品技术的战略性新兴产业，未来有可能带动农业领域的产业结构调整和发展模式转变；细胞培养肉技术正处于向商品化迈进的阶段，开展相关产业技术发展态势分析具有价值。本文梳理了细胞培养肉生产核心原料和试剂的产业态势及研究进展，涵盖良种动物、种子细胞、培养基、支架材料；分析了支持细胞培养肉生产的基础装备设施（生物安全柜、生物反应器及其他常用装备）制造技术瓶颈与行业竞争格局；剖析了细胞培养肉规模化生产的核心技术体系及发展动态，涉及种子细胞库建立、低成本培养基研制、大规模培养工艺、食品化加工技术。针对我国细胞培养肉产业基础的薄弱之处，提出了针对性发展建议：加快试剂装备国产化进程、完善细胞培养肉产业链，完善培养肉技术体系、加强知识产权国际布局，优化学科专业布局、校企融合双元育人，完善产品风险评估、论证和发布团体标准，加强科学知识普及、提高公众接受度。

关键词：细胞培养肉；种子细胞；生物反应器；大规模培养工艺；培养基研制；食品化加工

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The role of protein kinase C epsilon in neural signal transduction and neurogenic diseases

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 70-76 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0119-9

摘要：

Protein kinase C epsilon (PKC ?) is one of major isoforms in novel PKC family. Although it has been extensively characterized in the past decade, the role of PKC ? in neuron is still not well understood. Advances in molecular biology have now removed significant barriers to the direct investigation of PKC ? functions in vivo, and PKC ? has been increasingly implicated in the neural biological functions and associated neurogenic diseases. Recent studies have provided important insights into the influence of PKC ? on cortical processing at both the single cell level and network level. These studies provide compelling evidence that PKC ? could regulate distinct aspects of neural signal transduction and suggest that the coordinated actions of a number of molecular signals contribute to the specification and differentiation of PKC ? signal pathway in the developing brain.

关键词： protein kinase C ? signal transduction neurogenic disease

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Wheat gluten protein and its impacts on wheat processing quality

Wujun MA, Zitong YU, Maoyun SHE, Yun ZHAO, Shahidul ISLAM

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 279-287 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019267

摘要：

Before the advent of the wheat genomic era, a wide range of studies were conducted to understand the chemistry and functions of the wheat storage proteins, which are the major determinants of wheat flour the suitability of wheat flour for various end products, such as bread, noodles and cakes. Wheat grain protein is divided into gluten and non-gluten fractions and the wheat processing quality mainly depends on the gluten fractions. Gluten provides the unique extensibility and elasticity of dough that are essential for various wheat end products. Disulfide bonds are formed between cysteine residues, which is the chemical bases for the physical properties of dough. Based on the SDS-extractability, grain protein is divided into SDS-unextractable polymeric protein (UPP) and SDS-extractable polymeric protein. The percentage of UPP is positively related to the formation of disulfide bonds in the dough matrix. In the wheat genomic era, new glutenins with long repetitive central domains that contain a high number of consensus hexapeptide and nonapeptide motifs as well as high content of cysteine and glutamine residues should be targeted.

关键词： wheat gluten consensus motifs disulfide bonds SDS-unextractable polymeric protein glutenins gliadins processing quality storage protein

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Construction of sustainable, colored and multifunctional protein silk fabric using biomass riboflavin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第8期页码 1131-1139 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2321-0

摘要： Riboflavin sodium phosphate has been confirmed as a promising biomass product derived from natural plants. In this paper, a novel method of dyeing and multifunctional modification of silk fabric by impregnation with riboflavin sodium phosphate was proposed, such that protein silk fabric can be endowed with bright yellow color and multi-functionality. The results of this paper confirmed that the pH and concentration of riboflavin sodium phosphate solution are critical factors for dyeing and multifunctional modification. Attractively, the photochromic performance was one of the most distinctive features of the modified silk fabric, and the dyed silk fabric turned into fluorescent green from original yellow under 365 nm ultraviolet lamp. Furthermore, the modified silk fabric exhibited good antibacterial properties with a high inhibition rate of 92% for Escherichia coli. Besides, the flame retardancy of silk fabric was significantly improved after modification. The damaged length of modified silk fabric with 40% owf riboflavin sodium phosphate was lower than 10.4 cm and passed the B₁ classification. As revealed by the result of this paper, riboflavin sodium phosphate is sufficiently effective in serving as an eco-friendly multifunctional agent for strengthening the add-value of silk textiles.

关键词： biomass riboflavin sodium phosphate silk protein multifunctional modification flame retardant

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Antithrombin deficiency and decreased protein C activity in a young man with venous thromboembolism:

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 319-323 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0553-4

摘要：

Antithrombin and protein C are two crucial members in the anticoagulant system and play important roles in hemostasis. Mutations in and lead to deficiency or dysfunction of the two proteins, which could result in venous thromboembolism (VTE). Here, we report a Chinese 22-year-old young man who developed recurrent and serious VTE in cerebral veins, visceral veins, and deep veins of the lower extremity. Laboratory tests and direct sequencing of and were conducted for the patient and his family members. Coagulation tests revealed that the patient presented type I antithrombin deficiency combined with decreased protein C activity resulting from a small insertion mutation c.848_849insGATGT in and a short deletion variant c.572_574delAGA in . This combination of the two mutations was absent in 400 healthy subjects each from southern and northern China. Then, we summarized all the mutations of the and gene reported in the Chinese Han population. This study demonstrates that the combination of antithrombin deficiency and decreased protein C activity can result in severe VTE and that the coexistence of different genetic factors may increase the risk of VTE.

关键词： antithrombin deficiency protein C activity mutation variant venous thromboembolism anticoagulants

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Interspecies transmission and evolution of the emerging coronaviruses: perspectives from bat physiology and protein

Baicheng HUANG, Kegong TIAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 218-226 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020324

摘要：

Emergent coronaviruses (CoVs) such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have posed great threats to public health worldwide over the past two decades. Currently, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic causes greater public health concern. CoV diversity is due to the large size and replication mechanisms of the genomes together with having bats as their optimum natural hosts. The ecological behavior and unique immune characteristics of bats are optimal for the homologous recombination of CoVs. The relationship of spatial structural characteristics of the spike protein, a protein that is critical for recognition by host receptors, in different CoVs may provide evidence in explaining the coevolution of CoVs and their hosts. This information may help to enhance our understanding of CoV evolution and thus provide part of the basis of preparations for any future outbreaks.

关键词： bat coronavirus evolution host receptor spike protein transmission

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Elevated C-reactive protein levels predict worsening prognosis in Chinese patients with first-onset stroke

Jiangtao YAN, Rutai HUI, Daowen WANG

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 30-35 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0005-x

摘要： The role of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in predicting prognosis after stroke in the Asian population has not been investigated. We hypothesized that elevated levels of hsCRP were associated with worsening prognosis after stroke in Chinese patients. Two hundred and ninety consecutive patients with first-onset stroke and 290 age- and gender-matched control subjects without any cerebrovascular disease were enrolled for study. Plasma hsCRP level was detected and subsequent vascular events and death were recorded in both groups over a 5-year period. Compared to control group, patients presenting with stroke had higher plasma hsCRP level (3.3 ± 3.8 1.3 ± 2.2 mg/L, < 0.01). Furthermore, in the group of patients with stroke, the mean plasma hsCRP level was higher in patients who developed subsequent vascular diseases or died as compared with the patients without further complications (4.4 ± 4.3 2.7 ± 3.3 mg/L, < 0.01). Compared to the lowest tertile of hsCRP level, the relative risk for vascular events or death in stroke patients was 2.91 in the highest tertile of hsCRP (95% CI, 1.54–5.50, = 0.001). This increase in relative risk for vascular events or death in stroke patients continued after adjustment for age, sex and other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes ( : 2.771, 95% CI: 1.367–5.617, = 0.005). These findings indicate that increased hsCRP level is associated with worsening prognosis after stroke in Chinese patients and suggests that inflammation is correlated with stroke outcome.

关键词： C-reactive protein inflammation stroke